Regulated Power supply

When ever you feel hungry you eat rice or chapathi in the same way when yoou phone or laptop feels hungry what will you do you will keep charger let us discuss about this charger which is regulated power suppply
the current which you recieve in your home is AC(alternating current) but this current is like uncook rice or uncook chapathi so we need to change it by cooking in the same manner AC should be changed into DC(direct current ) this is possible only by RPS
RPS contains mainly
1.Stepdown transformer
2.Bridge wave Rectifier
3.Capacitive filter
4.Voltage Regulator
5..Resistive Load
Stepdown Transformer:-
The current which you recieve in your home is 230V /5-18amp you need to step down this voltage so we use step down transformer which lowers the voltage to 18 V AC

Bridge Wave Rectifier:-
The rectifier is device which will convert ac voltage into dc voltage this is done by one of our electronic devices called diode

When Postive pulse comes diodes D1 and D4 conducts
When Negative pulse comes D2 and D3 conducts
Finally we only get a Pulsating Dc from rectifier 18v
Capacitive Fliter:-
A capacitive filter is used to filter the pulsating dc into pure dc  because capacitor allows AC and blocks DC
Now we have got pure DC but of 18V so ween need to regulate it
Voltage regulator:-
An voltage regulator is a device which regulates the voltage an simple IC is 7805 where 78 is postive series and 05 is the voltage
Now we got 5v so we can directly connect it to the Load

Basic Components

Relay
A relay is an electronic device which is to control the ac loads What is inside a Relay?
Basically relay are different types
1.Spdt
2.dpdt
Let us discuss about these two in detail
Spdt means single pole double through means one pole is used to control two inputs
                                                                  
The above figure shows that when ever com recieves a pulse it gets activated and generates magnetic field and gets attracted to no
Dpdt means double pole double through means double poles with double inputs

Capacitor
A capacitor is a electronic device which stores electrical charge in it is an wonderfull device used in electronics

the above figure is an capacitor one terminal is long and one terminal is short long is anode and short is cathode
there are different types of capacitor
1.Electrolytic Capacitor(>1micro Farad)
2.Non Electrolyitic Capactiors(<1 micro Farad)
The above figure shows the electrolytic capacitor
Non Electrolytic capacitors are divided into two types
1.Polyster
2.Disc

Polyster

Disc

How to calculate the values of Capacitor 

The Electrolyte Capacitor has a value written on it but for the Non Electrolyte capacitor it is differnent 

103pF=10,000*10^-9

1*10^-5

0.1micro Farad

Diode

A diode is an electronic device which conducts only in one direction i:e uni directional 

Diode

It is an semi conductor device it is represented as 1N4007

1=one semi conductor junction

N=N type semi conductor

4007=denotes the registration number

one of the major type diode is LIGHT EMITTING DIODE 

Transistor

A tranistor is a device which transfers current from low resistance device to high resistance device 

there are two types of transistor one is pnp and npn

Transistor is mainly used for switching and amplification purposes

BC547 represents the npn series

BC557 represents the pnp series 

Transistor 

Basic Components

Resistor
What is Resistor?
I can say a resistor is a device which opposes the flow current why cant i say it increase the current why only it limits the current

1. the answer is very simple we need to study internal structure of resistor 
   

the above picture shows that there is an insulator in the resistor which eats some electrons and around the insulator there is a copper conductor which helps to flow the current depending the material the resistor are classified into different types

1. carbon resistors   

2.Metal Film Resistors

3.Ceramic Resistors

Ohms designed an wonderfull formula for the resistance voltage and current he said that the current is directly propotionall to the voltage 

V=IR

but practically if you keep resistor in series with the voltage the resistor will burst out because the resistance cannot tolerate that much power so at any time if yoy mention resistor mention it as an ohms and wattage for exaample 10ohms and 10 Watts 

How to find Resistor value manually

We know that we can calculate resistor value by multimeter however we can calculate it manually also

for that we need to follow one code that is BBROY OF GREAT BRITAN HAS A VERY GOOD WIFE 

the above code represnts some colours 

BBROYGBVGW

let us calculate we need to come from left to right so 

BROWN BLACK GREEN    GOLD

1               0               10^5

1000*10^3=1000KOHMS

so value of resistor is 1000kohms

Planning
The next step is we need planning Supppose for example we need to design a robot which will travel to remote locations and capture the images and sent it to the receiver so we need to plan for that
so requirements are
1.remote
2.monitor
3.micro controller
4.regulated power supply
so we got the details next is we need to design the product
Requirement Analysis
We need to collect the hardware components like resistor ,capacitor,microcontroller etc for our product
 Design
In design we need to construct the block diagram and later on we need to develop the schematic diagram schematic means pin to pin connection of the circuit this is possible only by the software called oracad or proteius aries orcad is an open source you can download it
Development
Indevelopment we need to prepare the orginal circuit amd deploy it
Integration testing
In this testing we need to test whether the product is working fine or not
Implementation
Once the product has been developed we need to release it in the market

So for right know we have learnt about what is system development life cycle next we wiil see basic components

what is embedded system?
an embedded system is a system where there is a combination of  hardware and software
for example if you compare your body as  a system your heart is a processor or micro controller and your brain is an software
In today's life we will see different type of embedded system products we see in defence in our consumer electronics digital bikes robots and further in future it will be improved a lot
in order to design a product in embedded system we need to look the time space and smartness
smartness in the sense means suppose there are 1000 of soap boxes in industry but in the soap boxes one soap box is empty how do you identify?and rember all boxes are of same colour
how? we would do One way is by checking all boxes and the other way is by switching on the fan so that that the less weight soap box will fall down  i think the first way is an hard work and the second way is smart work
what is system development life cycle?
In order to develop any product  in an embedded system we need to follow certain rules and regulations which comes under system development
Intiation
Suppose client  want to develop a robot which will travel into remote locations an capture the images so that he can see the images on the screen from my side client approaches the company so this is called intitation
System development process
After intiation we need to check the background conditions and risks in the project which is called system development process